鲜甜IT.Net

    
• 本文直接来自于feisty快速设置指南，不适用gutsy的部分请有能力的尽快修改。
    
• 本文适用于采用i386安装光盘安装的系统，部分内容适合AMD64和PPC安装（如有问题请到论坛咨询）。
    
• "sudo"的意思是“以超级用户执行[Superuser Do]”。当以"sudo"方式执行命令时，系统会提示您输入当前登录用户的密码。只有输入正确的密码（您输入的密码不会被显示）并按下回车後，命令才会继续执行。
    
• 注意：apt，aptitude，dpkg，Adept，新立得软件包管理器 等软件管理工具在同一时间只能有一个运行。   

[编辑] 修改源并更新你的(k/x/ed)ubuntu

    
• 不同的网络状况连接以下源的速度不同。建议在添加前手动验证以下源的连接速度（ping下就行）。比如说北京网通用户连接cn99就非常慢，而 ftp.sjtu.edu.cn是相对较快的源。选择最快的源可大大节省下载时间，请根据自己网络环境设置更新服务器，以达到最快的速度。
    
• 注 意，你可以同时加入几个源。尽量选择一组官方的源（也就是下面的Archive.ubuntu.com的条目）直接加在文件的最後，以避免非官方源软件包 不全时出现 404 Not Found 文件未发现的错误。建议电信用户使用cn99和台湾大学的源，网通用户使用台湾大学的源，教育网用户使用教育网的源。 编辑完数据源后，点击【添加或删除程序】下载更新。

打开终端方法：

按下ALT+F2 -> gnome-terminal -> 运行            #(ed)ubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> konsole -> 运行                   #Kubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> xfce4-terminal -> 运行            #xubuntu

在终端执行命令

备份当前的源列表，以便日後需要时恢复：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

编辑源列表

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list               #(ed)ubuntu
kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list               #kubuntu
gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list            #xubuntu
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list                 #通用

从以下各服务器列表内容中选择一段替换文件中的所有内容，为防止非官方源中软件包不全的问题，请在sources.list文件中尾部添加一组官方源。

Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu.cn99.com更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：

deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

== 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址 ==

deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

北京市清华大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

沈阳市东北大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy    main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国台湾省台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：

deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用）：

deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu.cnsite.org更新服务器（福建省福州市 电信）：

deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市 电信）：

deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

也可以到以下网址自定义产生若干源：

http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic 

以下网址有极其全面的源，以供补充：

http://italy.copybase.ch/blog/lista-repository-sourceslist-ottimizzata-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-linux/ 

官方采集的源列表：

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors 

保存编辑好的文件，执行以下命令更新

sudo apt-get update      #这一步是更新你的源列表，换源後必须执行
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade     #这一步是更新软件，如果你对新版本软件的需求不是那么迫切，可以不执行

[编辑] 设置系统中文环境支持

[编辑] 安装语言包

Kubuntu

主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 安装新语言 -> Chinese -> 安装
主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 选择系统语言 -> 简体中文 -> 确定。

相对的命令是: 
sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-zh-base language-pack-kde-zh

Ubuntu:

系统 -> 系统管理 -> 语言支持，在列表中的Chinese条目打勾。 
同时将默认语言修改为Chinese（中国）并确定。

如果你设置的是非中文环境，但需要系统提供中文支持，那么请按照以下情况执行命令：

sudo apt-get install kde-i18n-zhcn kde-i18n-zhtw       #kubuntu
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh                  #ubuntu

配置字体，使中文看起来更漂亮（可选）

sudo fontconfig-voodoo -f -s zh_CN

[编辑] scim输入法安装及设置

如果您要在非CJK（中日韩）的locales下使用scim，请在终端执行如下命令（如果默认是中文环境不需要这一步，系统已经设置好了）：

sudo apt-get install scim scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-gtk2-immodule im-switch libapt-pkg-perl

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default

加入

XIM=SCIM
XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/scim
XIM_ARGS="-d"
GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
QT_IM_MODULE=scim
DEPENDS="scim,scim-gtk2-immodule | scim-qtimm" 

重启Gnome以後生效。

提示：带table的包为输入法码表，安装之後才有除拼音以外的输入法，如五笔、二笔、自然码等，如果你只使用拼音输入法就不用装这些包了。

sudo im-switch -s scim -z default

如果在KDE下面使用scim，建议使用如下设置：

sudo apt-get install im-switch libapt-pkg-perl
sudo im-switch -s scim-xim -z default

Scim输入法的可选设置

注意：gutsy下不建议进行这步操作，尤其在kubuntu下强烈建议不进行这步操作。 默认的scim输入法可能会与realplay、acrobat reader、openoffice等程序有冲突。如果有这样的问题，建议使用scim-bridge替换scim。安装scim-bridge 和scim-qtimm。请确保已正确设置中文环境，打开终端，执行以下命令，或使用《新立得软件管理器》，在其中搜索"scim-bridge"、 "scim-qtimm"并标记安装。

sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm
sudo im-switch -s scim

编辑im-switch生成的scim配置文件

gksu gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim

将默认的 GTK_IM_MODULE=scim 修改为 GTK_IM_MODULE="scim-bridge"。